Example of the wigglemode display of a seismic refraction section

Example of the pointmode display of 4 different GPR-lines with activated magnifying glass

Print preview window with the possibility of defining freely placed boxes each containing up to 6 different comments

Example for the application of the migration:

On the left the model including some diffrations and a synclinar structure is shown. The original ZO data are shown in the middle. The right panel shows the migrated result.

Comparison of the result for a "normal" migration for a strong topography (left panel) and the result for the topography migration (right panel). The red line defines the correct position of the layer boundary. The topography migration provides a nearly perfect match.

batch-processing

The batch-processing facilitates a completely automatic sequence of processing steps for a choosable number of profiles. Primary and secondary section are displayed simultaneously (see figure on the right), whereby a direct control of the result is given. You may choose between the so called sequence mode and the single processing mode with the possibility of applying the processing steps individually on the primary profile.  

Use of the diffraction adaptation for 2 different GPR-lines

velocity analysis

An interactive hyperbola-adaption for a simple determination of the average velocity from a zero-offset or CMP profile (see figure on the left) is integrated. It is possible to adapt diffractions, reflections and straight lines. You may change the velocity, the radius of the target, the angle between the line and the target and the width of the calculated diffraction or reflection hyperbola.

There is also the possibility of fitting linear features either by changing interactively a line or by setting two points.

The option core allows to vary interactively the velocities of the single layers of the individual cores stored within an ASCII-file.

In addition an interactive use of the intercept time method for seismic refraction data is included (see figure on the right). The option enables to get a first 1D-model very quickly.

The velocities may be stored on file and may be reloaded at any time. The velocities are combined into a 2D-model by using a special interpolation. Such a 2D-velocity distribution may be used in a subsequent step for the migration or the time-depth conversion.

Use of the intercepttime method for refraction data

Picking the onsets/first arrivals

The picking option allows to pick the traveltime and the amplitude of different onsets like reflectors or hyperbola or the first arrivals.

You have the choice between manual picking, continuous picking and a semi-automatic picking using a phase follower (manual editing is always possible) as well as a full automatic picker.

The picked values may be corrected to the extrema or the zero-crossing. In addition a time/distance correction to the maximum value within a given window is available. This allows you for example to pick the hyperbola cusps very quickly.

It is possible to export the picks into different ASCII-formats together with the 3 space coordinates for a subsequent interpretation. The Google KML-format is supported which allows a direct link to Google-Earth. Each datapoint within the KML-file contains an information box about the distance, actual, min., mean and max. depth. A red-green-blue color scheme for the icons will be used with red corresponding to the smallest values and blue to the largest depth values.

The so called layer-show offers the possibility to combine individual pick files, to plot them together with the wiggle-files and to output them in report form on printer or file containing the depths, velocities and amplitudes of the individual layers. The time-depth conversion of the picks is either based on a constant velocity for each layer or on a 2-dimensional velocity distribution allowing to take into account vertical and lateral velocity changes.

REFLEXW allows to handle so called traceheader coordinates which are stored within the header of each trace. Several ASCII-formats for the GPS-data are supported in order combine the traceheaders with the GPS-coordinates. Therefore it is possible to use GPS-coordinates for special analysis.

The GPS coordinates can be used for exporting picked data to an ASCII-file.

In addition there exist two different viewing options of the GPS coordinates (see figure on the right).

First the profile location based on the traceheader coordinates can be shown in an additional window (any curvature of the line coordinates is displayed). When moving the mouse cursor within the data window the actual xy-position of the mouse cursor is also shown.

Second the xy-receiver traceheader-coordinates may be displayed along the distance axis.

The GPS z-coordinates can be used for a static correction either as a plotoption or as a processing step.

The data may be sorted after ensembles with each ensemble containing the 3 component traces (see figure on the right). It is also possible to display the into 3 different windows with each window containing all traces of one single component.

The particle motion and the actual polarization angle can be displayed.

The option colored allows to color the wiggles based on the actual polarization angle. The analysis window determines the lenght of the traveltime window for the polarization analysis.

The option hodogram allows you to continuously display the particle motion within the chosen plane when moving the mouse cursor in the data. The linearity factor (1 - completely linear, 0 - circular) and the dominant angle are also determined and displayed when you have chosen one of the 2-dimensional planes (see figure on the left). If the plane xyz has been chosen, a 3D-cube display of the particle motion is shown.

CMP-velocity-analysis

The CMP-velocity-analysis allows the calculation of a one-dimensional velocity-depth-distribution from CMP- or moveout-data based on different analysis techniques.

The module offers the following possibilities:

• interactive generation and change of a velocity-model for a CMP- or a moveout-section with continuous indication of the actual reflections
• semblance analysis for a given velocity-interval, interactive choice of a vrms-depth-distribution from the  semblance analysis or from the interactive adaptation panel
• loading of a second CMP-section for a parallel adaptation of the reflections
• loading of a zero-offset section with true distance information for a calibration of the corresponding reflections
• generation of a 2-dimensional velocity-model based on the resulting 1D-velocity-depth distributions. This 2D-model represents the base for the stacking.

There are different possibilities of entering or changing the geometry:

Two different standard geometries are implemented:  moving line and fixed line.

Activating moving line allows you to define the geometry for a geophone line moving with the shots.

Activating fixed line allows you to define the geometry for a fixed geophone line for different shot points.

In addition the geometry of each trace may be edited individually and the geometry may also be loaded from an ASCII-file.

CMP-processing

The CMP-processing allows the sorting of raw data to CMP, Common Shot, Common Receiver and Common Offset. It is very easy to change interactively between the given sorting possibilities.

Stacking or simple NMO-correction of CMP-Gather, Common Shot-Gather or Common Receiver-Gather is possible based on a 2-dimensional velocity-distribution (see velocity analysis) or using a slant stack algorithm (only stacking).

Optionally an automatic correction of the residual statics is applied.